ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is well accepted and recommended for contraception. However, anxiety at the time of delivery may restrict the acceptance of a PPIUCD for its immediate insertion. So far there is limited evidence to conclude anything concrete on the association between the expulsion rates and the timing of insertion following a vaginal delivery. Thus, this study was undertaken to compare the expulsion rates in immediate and early insertions and their safety and complications. Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out over 17 months on women delivering vaginally in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. A copper device (CuT380A) was inserted using Kelly’s placental forceps either within 10 min of placental delivery (immediate group, n=160) or between 10 min upto 48 h postpartum (early group, n=160). Ultrasound was done before discharge from the hospital. The expulsion rates and any other complications at six-week and three-month follow up were studied. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference in expulsion rates. Results: The expulsion rate was five per cent in the immediate compared to 3.7 per cent in the early group (no significant difference). In ten cases, the device was found to be in the lower uterus upon ultrasound before discharge. These were repositioned. There was no case with perforation, irregular bleeding or infection up to the three-month follow up. Higher age, higher parity, lack of satisfaction and motivation to continue were predictors of expulsion. Interpretation & conclusions: In the present study PPIUCD was found to be safe with overall expulsion in 4.3 per cent. It was marginally, though not significantly, higher in the immediate group.
ABSTRACT
Agriculture is the major source of food, fibre and raw materials essential to human life. Consequently agriculture has been one of the basic occupations of man throughout the world. Interest in the economic aspects of production, distribution and economic policy relating to agriculture and to the use of farm products is therefore, worldwide. The principle of agriculture is that it deals with life, and with living substances. Its products are the results of processes of life and its means of production is the living soil. A cubic centimeter of fertile soil contains million of living organisms, the full exploration of which is far beyond the capacities of man. Man's management of the land must be primarily oriented towards four goals-health, beauty, permanence and productivity. Agricultural Cropping pattern means the proportional are wider different crops at a particular point of time. The cropping pattern of any region is the outcome along process of historical evaluation. In the present paper attempts to analysea the trends of cropping pattern and appraises the impact of cropping pattern on agricultural development in Andhra Pradesh.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Estimation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is important in the management of metabolic bone disorders. Here we describe a simple, sensitive and specific second generation immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to detect intact PTH levels using different solid phase matrices. Different methods for immobilization of antibodies have also been evaluated. Methods: Experiments were carried out with physical adsorption of antibodies, covalent coupling using 2 per cent glutaraldehyde and N,N`carbonyldiimidazole. In all cases, antibodies raised against C-terminal were used as solid phase agent. Detector antibodies were N terminal antibodies that were radio-iodinated with 125I followed by gel purification. Several of the antibodies coupled to various solid phase matrices were incubated with PTH standards and the detector antibody as well as the commercially available tracer from DiaSorin kit to identify a suitable match pair. Results: The best pair was polyclonal C-terminal PTH antibody along with the kit tracer from DiaSorin with regards to antibody coated to magnetic cellulose particles. Among the various antibodies and the solid phases evaluated, the best assay was obtained with the matched pair of antibodies (70×G67 and 70×G68) from Fitzgerald immobilized on polystyrene tubes. The polyclonal antibody against C-terminal PTH was chosen as the capture antibody and 125I labelled polyclonal antibody against N-terminal PTH as the tracer. The sample values obtained in the antibody coated tubes were comparable to those obtained using a commercial kit. Interpretation & conclusions: The results indicated the feasibility of adopting this system for further development into a PTH IRMA for regular production as there is no indigenous kit available for intact PTH.
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal obstruction in children may be due to a variety of conditions. 150 cases of acute intestinal obstructions seen over a period of 180 months were reviewed. Intestinal atresia was the comonest cause (34, 22.4%).
ABSTRACT
Myocardial infarction (MI) can be monitored using several protein markers including human cardiac myosin (HCM). Monoclonal antibodies were raised against HCM by hybridoma technique. Antimyosin antibody producing clones were identified by ELISA and monoclonality was established by limiting dilution. The antibodies were purified, isotyped and their cross reactions with myosin from other species were estimated. All the clones showed negligible cross reaction with rabbit myosin, but reacted with bovine skeletal myosin to different extents (40-100%). The most avid antibody Mab 4G4 which also strongly reacted with rat cardiac myosin, was labelled with 125I using different oxidising agents such as iodogen, chloramine-T and lactoperoxidase. More than 95% pure radiolabelled antibody could be obtained by gel filtration. The immunoreactivity was retained. Mab 4G4 was also labelled with 99mTc using stannous tartrate as the reducing agent. Radiolabelling yield was approximately 60%, the purity was >95%. Both the radiolabelled preparations were tested for biodistribution in rats--both normal and those with induced MI. Approximately 0.7 % of the injected activity/g was found in the infarcted region and the accumulation of activity in the infarcted heart was 1.5 times that in the normal heart. A very high percentage of activity (80%) accumulated in the thyroid. With further optimisation of labelling and use of F(ab')2 fragments, better delineation of the infarct sites may become possible.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Cardiac Myosins/immunology , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , RadioisotopesABSTRACT
Case histories of 2 renal transplant recipients are reported who had presenting features of fever, leukocytosis and pain/tenderness over right iliac fossa and were diagnosed to be due to acute appendicitis rather than more commonly suspected acute rejection episode which has very similar features. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis was suspected on the basis of rectal examination and later confirmed by laparotomy. The purpose of this communication is to emphasize the need for proper diagnosis in patient with such presentation; otherwise wrong treatment may be received.